Below is a compiled list of educational resources and articles retrieved during the research we conducted on vitamin B6 toxicity.
Achari, M., Haider, M., & Mohammed, Z. (2021, April 13). Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) toxicity and OTC supplements (5222). Neurology. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://n.neurology.org/content/96/15_Supplement/5222
Adeyemo, M., & Garg, D. (2022). A Case of Vitamin B6 Neurotoxicity. https://proceedings.med.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Garg-A220829DG-BLM-formatted.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0HhmQyzGKi844wHn_R7Yz4kOhPtzKXbuv6G1mMOv-QCscq6t3tEY3AcDk
B Arkaravichien, T., Sattayasai, N., Daduang, S., & Sattayasai, J. (2003). Dose-dependent effects of glutamate in pyridoxine-induced neuropathy. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 41(10), 1375–1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00142-x
Ashina, K., Tsubosaka, Y., Nakamura, T., Omori, K., Kobayashi, K., Hori, M., Ozaki, H., & Murata, T. (2015). Histamine Induces Vascular Hyperpermeability by Increasing Blood Flow and Endothelial Barrier Disruption In Vivo. PloS one, 10(7), e0132367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132367
Bacharach, R., Lowden, M., & Ahmed, A. (2017). Pyridoxine toxicity small fiber neuropathy with dysautonomia: A case report. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease, 19(1), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/cnd.0000000000000172
Barrett-O’Keefe, Z., Kaplon, R. E., & Halliwill, J. R. (2013). Sustained postexercise vasodilatation and histamine receptor activation following small muscle-mass exercise in humans. Experimental physiology, 98(1), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066605
Beckett, A. (1998, July 4). Debate continues on vitamin B6. The Lancet. Retrieved January 24, 2022, from https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(98)26027-2.pdf
Berger, A. R., Schaumburg, H. H., Schroeder, C., Apfel, S., & Reynolds, R. (1992). Dose response, coasting, and differential fiber vulnerability in human toxic neuropathy: a prospective study of pyridoxine neurotoxicity. Neurology, 42(7), 1367–1370. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.42.7.1367
B Beynon, R. J., Leyland, D. M., Evershed, R. P., Edwards, R. H., & Coburn, S. P. (1996, July 15). Measurement of the turnover of glycogen phosphorylase by GC/MS using stable isotope derivatives of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). The Biochemical journal. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1217530/
Bhatla, R., Gogna, M., Aggarwal, R., & Bhat, V. (2022). Possible Interaction of Water-Soluble Vitamins with Nitric Oxide and Its Significance – Evidence from Reversed Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). IJIRT, 9(3), 547–557. PDF: https://ijirt.org/master/publishedpaper/IJIRT156401_PAPER.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Mqny-w-UxPgfzF82yRbjJi7sa8bxZJ5Ah1yzNOOOMObBCxVv-nMdOLOM
B Bigazzi, M., Ferraro, S., Ronga, R. et al. Effect of vitamin B6 on the serum concentration of pituitary hormones in normal humans and under pathologic conditions. J Endocrinol Invest 2, 117–124 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03349302
B Black, A. L., Guirard, B. M., & Snell, E. E. (1978). The behavior of muscle phosphorylase as a reservoir for vitamin B6 in the rat. The Journal of Nutrition, 108(4), 670–677. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/108.4.670
Blackburn, K., & Warren, K. (2017, April 18). A case of peripheral neuropathy due to pyridoxine toxicity in association with NOS Energy Drink Consumption (p4.043). Neurology. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from https://n.neurology.org/content/88/16_Supplement/P4.043
Blood volume test. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16793-blood-volume-testing
B Borst, A. J., & Tchapyjnikov, D. (2018, April). B6 and bleeding: A case report of a novel vitamin … ResearchGate. Retrieved March 22, 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324158327_B_6_and_Bleeding_A_Case_Report_of_a_Novel_Vitamin_Toxicity
Brasky, T. M., White, E., & Chen, C. L. (2017). Long-Term, Supplemental, One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Vitamin B Use in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 35(30), 3440–3448. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.72.7735
Bryson, G. (1973). Role of vitamin B6 in neurobiology. M. S. Ebadi and E. Costa, eds. Raven Press, hewlett, Long Island, N. Y. 11557, 1972, X + 238 pp. $15.95. Clinical Chemistry, 19(1), 142–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.1.142
Burt, L. A., Billington, E. O., Rose, M. S., Raymond, D. A., Hanley, D. A., & Boyd, S. K. (2019). Effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on volumetric bone density and bone strength. JAMA, 322(8), 736. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.11889
B Callizot, N., Warter, J. M., & Poindron, P. (2001). Pyridoxine-induced neuropathy in rats: a sensory neuropathy that responds to 4-methylcatechol. Neurobiology of disease, 8(4), 626–635. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.2001.0408
B Castagnet, S., Blasco, H., Vourc’h, P., Andres, C. R., & Praline, J. (2010). Polyneuropathie chronique démyélinisante et hypervitaminose B6 [Chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy and B6 hypervitaminosis]. La Revue de medecine interne, 31(12), e1–e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2010.03.457
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). (n.d.). CFSAN Adverse Event Reporting System Voluntary and Mandatory Reports on 5-Hour Energy, Monster Energy, and Rockstar Energy Drink. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/fdagov-archive
Chang, H. Y., Tzen, J. T., Lin, S. J., Wu, Y. T., & Chiang, E. P. (2011). Long-term prednisolone treatments increase bioactive vitamin B6 synthesis in vivo. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 337(1), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.110.174839 B6-and-Steroids (PDF)
Changes in blood volume following administration of Oral Rehydration Solutions. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (n.d.). Retrieved April 6, 2023, from https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/nutraceutical/about/rehydration/researchlab/studyresults04.html
Cheng, C.-H., Chang, S.-J., Lee, B.-J., Lin, K.-L., & Huang, Y.-C. (2006, May 3). Vitamin B6 supplementation increases immune responses in critically ill patients. Nature News. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://www.nature.com/articles/1602439
B Chung, J. Y., Choi, J. H., Hwang, C. Y., & Youn, H. Y. (2008). Pyridoxine induced neuropathy by subcutaneous administration in dogs. Journal of veterinary science, 9(2), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.2.127
Clark, D. J. (2018, December 14). Adverse response to vitamin B6 in a 43 year old woman. Frontiers. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389/conf.fneur.2018.60.00011/5263/International_Symposium_on_Clinical_Neuroscience_2018/all_events/event_abstract
Clarkson, P., Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research; Marriott BM, editor. Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1993. 8, The Effect of Exercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236216/?fbclid=IwAR0WAurVBcc9uQkjshgam0NbxY5MVV1FgdWxJHS6_Wem8u8_-N3ec0zxStI
B Coburn, S. P. (1990). Location and Turnover of Vitamin B6 Pools and Vitamin B6 Requirements of Humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 585(1 Vitamin B6), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb28043.x
Coburn S. P. (2015). Vitamin B-6 Metabolism and Interactions with TNAP. Sub-cellular biochemistry, 76, 207–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7197-9_11
B Coburn, S. P., Lewis, D. L., Fink, W. J., Mahuren, J. D., Schaltenbrand, W. E., & Costill, D. L. (1988). Human vitamin B-6 pools estimated through muscle biopsies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48(2), 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.2.291
Coburn, S. P., Mahuren, J. D., Schaltenbrand, W. E., Wostmann, B. S., & Madsen, D. (1981). Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency and 4′- deoxypyridoxine on pyridoxal phosphate concentrations, pyridoxine kinase and other aspects of metabolism in the rat. The Journal of nutrition, 111(2), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/111.2.391
B Coburn, S. P., Thampy, K. G., Lane, H. W., Conn, P. S., Ziegler, P. J., Costill, D. L., Mahuren, J. D., Fink, W. J., Pearson, D. R., & Schaltenbrand, W. E. (1995). Pyridoxic acid excretion during low vitamin B-6 intake, total fasting, and bed rest. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(5), 979–983. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.5.979
Coburn, S. P., Ziegler, P. J., Costill, D. L., Mahuren, J. D., Fink, W. J., Schaltenbrand, W. E., Pauly, T. A., Pearson, D. R., Conn, P. S., & Guilarte, T. R. (1991). Response of vitamin B-6 content of muscle to changes in vitamin B-6 intake in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53(6), 1436–1442. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1436
B Cooper, M. A., Kluding, P. M., & Wright, D. E. (2016). Emerging Relationships between Exercise, Sensory Nerves, and Neuropathic Pain. Frontiers in neuroscience, 10, 372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00372
Critcher, M. S., & Sobczynska-Malefora, A. (2015, September). Vitamin B6: low and very high concentrations in hospital patients. The Biomedical Scientist. Retrieved January 24, 2022, from http://www.viapath.co.uk/sites/default/files/upload/B6%20pp504-505%20BMSsept15.pdf.
B Cruz, A. A., Togias, A. G., Lichtenstein, L. M., Kagey-Sobotka, A., Proud, D., & Naclerio, R. M. (1991). Steroid-induced reduction of histamine release does not alter the clinical nasal response to cold, dry air. The American review of respiratory disease, 143(4 Pt 1), 761–765. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/143.4_Pt_1.761
Cupa, N., Schulte, D., Ahrens, M. et al. Vitamin B6 intoxication after inappropriate supplementation with micronutrients following bariatric surgery. Eur J Clin Nutr 69, 862–863 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2015.83
Dalton, K. (1985). Pyridoxine overdose in premenstrual syndrome. The Lancet, 325(8438), 1168–1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92480-8 Dalton-1985-the-Lancet
Dalton, K., & Dalton, M. J. (1987). Characteristics of pyridoxine overdose neuropathy syndrome. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 76(1), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03536.x
Dalton, K., & Dalton, M. J. T. (1998, July 4). Debate continues on vitamin B6. The Lancet. Retrieved January 24, 2022, from https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(98)26027-2.pdf
B Dakshinamurti, K., Paulose, C. S., & Vriend, J. (1986). Hypothyroidism of hypothalamic origin in pyridoxine-deficient rats. The Journal of endocrinology, 109(3), 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1090345
B Dakshinamurti, K., Paulose, C. S., Thliveris, J. A., & Vriend, J. (1985). Thyroid function in pyridoxine-deficient young rats. The Journal of endocrinology, 104(3), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1040339
de Kruijk, J. R., & Notermans, N. C. (2005). Gevoelsstoornissen veroorzaakt door multivitaminepreparaten [Sensory disturbances caused by multivitamin preparations]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 149(46), 2541–2544.
B Demir, R., Acar, G., Tanriover, G., Seval, Y., Kayisli, U. A., & Agar, A. (2005). Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat: an ultrastructural study. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica, 43(3), 143–150. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7564515_Effects_of_excess_vitamin_B6_intake_on_cerebral_cortex_neurons_in_rat_An_ultrastructural_study
Ebadi, M. (1981). Regulation and function of pyridoxal phosphate in CNS. Neurochemistry International, 3(3-4), 181–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(81)90001-2
Ebadi M., Costa, E. (1972) Role of Vitamin B6 in Neurobiology. Clinical Chemistry, 19(1), 142–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.1.142
B EFSA Journal. (2016, April 21). Dietary reference values for vitamin B6. EFSA. Retrieved March 22, 2022, from https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4485
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